Racial Disparities of the Criminal Justice System

The existence of racial disparity and structural inequality within the criminal justice system renders the concept of true justice for all unobtainable. The statistics of convictions and prison sentences by race definitely support the concept that discrimination is a problem in the justice system as well as the insignificantly number of minority judges and lawyers. There are a multitude of circumstances that influence these statistics according to the â€Å"Central Eight† criminogenic risk factors. The need for programs and methods to effectively deter those at risk individuals has never been greater and the lack of such programs is costing society in countless ways. Justice is a concept that takes into account the inalienable rights of all individuals to equal protection before and under the law regardless of race, gender, ethnicity, religious belief, age, disability or income. The justice system of the United States was founded on the principles that everyone has the rig ht to receive a fair trial with equal representation. Racial disparity exist whenever there is a vast disparity between the proportion of a group represented in the overall population and the proportion of the same group at any given point within a system. Structural inequality affects an entire class of people by granting them special access to assistance as a result of their race, ethnicity, gender, class or wealth. Racial disparity is an ever growing problem within the criminal justice system partlyShow MoreRelatedRacial Disparities in the Criminal Justice System1034 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The system is not fair. Institutional racism is alive and well in the juvenile justice system as it is in the criminal justice system, due to racial disparity and bias in the court room† (Jones, Bridgett). This is a statement that plagues many people involved in the justice systems. There are huge racial disparities throughout the world. Post-Slavery: the early development of th e Race/Crime Connection, Profiling: Racializing possible cause, and differential bias involvement as well as institutionalRead MoreThe Racial Disparities of the American Criminal Justice System1989 Words   |  8 Pagesyou that the American Criminal Justice System is corrupt? Or, that when it comes to working within the color of the law, police officers work around the color of your skin. Are there racial disparities within The Criminal Justice System? There can be no other answer than yes. In this paper I will examine and prove that racial disparities do exists within The Criminal Justice System through the systematic targeting of people of color as well as through our Judicial System. Systematic TargetingRead MoreRacial Disparities Within The Criminal Justice System Essay2026 Words   |  9 PagesWhat are racial disparities in the criminal justice system? Racial disparities in the criminal justice system can be defined as â€Å"the proportion of a racial or ethnic group within the control of the system is greater than the proportion of such groups in the general population† (NCJRS, 2016.) There is an enormous racial disparity between African Americans and Whites in the United States criminal justice system. What are the racial disparities in the criminal justice system? This paper will show theRead MoreRacial Disparities Within The Criminal Justice System2053 Words   |  9 Pagesof poverty, high crime rates, discrimination and few opportunities for advancement. These areas are often locations where racial and cultural minorities live. Racial disparities exist within the criminal justice system and have shown many problems of inequality between the white and black race. In addition to having inequality within the criminal justice system, the criminals also have impacted their family members in different ways due to being incarcerated. The media has misrepresented AfricanRead MoreRacial Disparities in the American Criminal Justice System: Essay1858 Words   |  8 PagesRacial Disparities in the American Criminal Justice System: Rates of Incarceration of Blacks vs. Whites No Equal Justice in the American Criminal Justice System Shawn Y. Williams Troy University-Fort Benning CJ 5571 Probation, Pardon, Parole Instructor’s: Dr. Ronald Craig April 28, 2007 Abstract Racial inequality is growing. Our criminal laws, while facially neutral, are enforced in a manner that is massively and pervasively biased. My research will examine the U.S. criminalRead MoreRacial Inequality919 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is racial inequality? Racial inequality is discrepancies in the opportunities and treatment of people based solely on their race. Racial inequality is a serious issue that is often discussed in the American criminal justice system. Although racial discrimination is present in the criminal justice system, some people use the words inequality, discrimination, racism, and profiling loosely and do not understand how truly complex it is to prove that there actually is racial inequality present inRead MoreThe Criminal Justice System Has Served As A Focal Point Of Much Of Societal Racism993 Words   |  4 Pageswhite† (Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS)). These studies propose that while criminal behavior cuts across race and class lines, the common response to these behaviors may significantly influence the course of a potential criminal career. Decisions concerning the most effective balance of responses by law enforcement, social services, and community intervention are critical in determining many of these outcomes. Bias within the criminal justice Historically, the criminal justice system has served asRead MoreRacial Disparity in Sentencing1728 Words   |  7 PagesRacial Disparity in Sentencing Lori Raynor University of Phoenix Cultural Diversity in Criminal Justice CJA/423 Ron McGee September 06, 2010 Abstract In this paper I will illustrate racial disparity in sentencing in the criminal justice system. The causes of racial disparity and the reasons it is on the rise, the research statistics, and the proposed solutions are discussed. Racial Disparity in Sentencing The intersection of racial dynamics with the criminal justice systemRead MoreRacial Impact Statements : Considering The Consequences Of Racial Disproportionalities On The Criminal Justice System964 Words   |  4 Pagestitled, Racial Impact Statements: Considering the Consequences of Racial Disproportionalities in the Criminal Justice System, the article addresses how the American Criminal justice system has been suffering from the dramatic increase in mass incarceration and the uneven rates of racial disproportionalities and disparities. These disproportionate impacts with minorities within the criminal justice system are all impacted from neutral laws, policies and practices. Statements made with racial impactRead MoreCriminal Justice: Racial Disparity and Discrimination and O.J. Simpson768 Words   |  4 PagesCriminal law is based on the principle of actus non facit reum nisi mens sit rea. The principle is to the extent that a man is not guilty of his acts, actus in the absence of a guilty conscience, mens rea (Gardner, 2009). To this end, criminal law justice provides that the person alleging the commission of a crime must proof beyond reasonable doubt that the accused person(s) possessed mens rea, if the court is to hold a criminal liability against the accused. In the case of People of the State of

Formal Report on PEST Analysis of Indonesi - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2061 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Politics Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Table of Contents Introduction Political factors Government type and stability Tax policy Changes in the political environment Level of corruption Economical Factor Stages of business cycle Impact of globalization Labor cost Social Factors Population Growth Rate Population health and Education Carrier Attitude Technological Factors Transport Communication system Conclusion of decision Business growth strategy Intensive Growth Advantages and disadvantages of Intensive Growth Integrative Growth Strategies Advantages and disadvantages of Integrative Growth Conclusion-Which strategy is better? Bibliography Chew Xin Rong Michael Sivaram Myp 11 Business studies Introduction I have been a chosen by Joe Blogs the CEO of Dats Plc a company specialize in in selling formal attire and handbags to high income customers to conduct a market research because he would like to increase the revenue of the business through expanding. They currently have a production area which is located in Malaysia, Jaya Industrial Estate. In their current factory there are around 40 staff and 4 managers who each has 10 staff working under them. Annually Dats Plc earns a total of RM 8,000,000 with a net Profits of RM 400, 00. The Average of Price of goods are Rm 2000 with the cost of goods sold of RM 950. Based on the PEST analysis where I use the Political, economic, social and technological factors to build an image of the forces of change that the company is exposed to. I therefore propose that Dats Plc should expand to Indonesia. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Formal Report on PEST Analysis of Indonesi" essay for you Create order Political factors Government type and stability Indonesia is identified as a democratic country which indicates that Indonesia is a country that is ran by elected individuals which recently a very business oriented president was elected to office therefore it is expected that under his admiration both foreign and local business will flourish which will lead to a more stable Indonesia which is apparent in the increase of employment due to a more stimulated economy. Tax policy In Indonesia the rate of corporate tax is 25% which is the same back in Malaysia which is good considering that the revenue will remain RM 8,000,000 but unlike Malaysia social product like clothes cannot be subjected to GST therefore reducing the cost of the product. Changes in the political environment With the election of President Joko Widodo the political climate of Indonesia had change where in the past the business relation between Indonesia and Malaysia is shaky at best but with President Joko Widodo in power he is strengthening business ties with Malaysia by inviting Malaysian businessman to invest in manufacturing, tourism and infrastructure which have been identified as three key areas of growth under his leadership. Level of corruption In terms of corruption, Indonesia is ranked 174 out 177 country which makes the level of corruption relatively low. By doing business in a country that has low corruption ensures that the resources wonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t be tempered and used irresponsibly so that the business can be ran as effective as possible. Economical Factor Stages of business cycle Unfortunately, during this time Indonesia is going through the depression phase of the business cycle where a continuous decrease of output, income, employment, prices and profits were present due to the fall in volume of output and trade. Impact of globalization The economic globalization has impacted the country positively, with the trend of foreign production company moving to developing countries in South East Asia due to the abundances of natural resources. Labor cost In comparison to Malaysia, the minimum wage of Indonesia is $215 dollars per month which is $66 lower than the average minimum wage of Malaysia according to a report publish by the Wall Street Journal. Due to a lower employment cost the company can save money on hiring employees and increase profits. Social Factors Population Growth Rate The Population in Indonesia is considered the world 4th largest population with an estimated of 253,899,536. Considering of that 66.5 per cent of the population are between the ages of 15 and 64. It can be safety assumed that the there is an abundance of labor at competitive cost which will contribute to an competitive advantage for production Population health and Education According to the chart above, it shows that Indonesia has a healthy population where the number of the population is expected to increase tremendously over one hundred years which will contribute to the a more completive work environment. In terms of education, Indonesia is ranked the worst in the world which will potentially indicate that there will be a surplus of uneducated workers which probably effect their pay which will increase profitability of the company. Carrier Attitude Generally, Indonesians see work as a job rather than a career therefore some of them will not feel committed work. At worst, Indonesians tend to ignore work quality, are not punctual in their arrival but are in their departure and they are also not concerned in meeting the deadline so this are things that will affect the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s efficiency therefore this need to take into account. Technological Factors Transport Indonesia has an effective and highly develop transport system with 139 airport, railways covering 8529 km and water ways covering 21579 km with major ports covering Banjarmasin, Belawan, Ciwandan, Kotabaru, Krueg Geukueh, Palembang, Panjang, SungaiPakning, Tanjung Perak, Tanjung Priok. With this DATS PLC can have the good transported with ease and with greater efficacy. Communication system The communication system is also highly developed which is maintains the use of landline of 17.33 million people in addition to 83.3 million people that uses cellular mobiles. There are also domestic satellite communications system coverage which enhances the communication system this is very beneficial to a company like DATLS PLC where maintain communication with the main branch in Malaysia is important to report the situation in the potential branch in Indonesia. Conclusion of decision After analyzing the country using the PEST I recommend that DATS PLC should open a new production faction in Indonesia mainly due to cheaper labor cost and a higher volume of workers. DATS PLC should also produce the high end product for developed in the South East Asia region such as Singapore and Brunei. Business growth strategy Growing a small company like DATS PLC will never be easy. Research suggest that only a tiny percentage of company in the world will reach an annual income of 250 million. In other words, most business that start small will stay small so to expand. There are two ways to expand, which is through Intensive growth and Integrative Growth. Intensive Growth Intensive Growth is a way where a company can get from point A to B. According to McFarland, an entrepreneur and former top 500 CEO said that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Growth strategies resemble a kind of ladder, where lower-level rungs present less risk but maybe less quick-growth impact.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  So it is important for new company to develop a growth strategy. They are 5 types of strategy such as Market penetration, Market Development, Alternative Channels and Product Development Market Penetration Market penetration is where new product is trying to penetrate to a new market through strategies such as bundling, advertising, lower prices and volume discounts. Market Development Market Development is a business strategy whereby a business attempts to find a new group of buyers as potential customers for its existing products and services. This strategy is used to increase sales by expanding into untapped markets. Alternative Channels This growth strategy involves pursuing customers in a different channels such as the use of e-commerce. For example by using the internet as a means for customers to access to buy your product or services in a new way. Product Development Product development is a strategy which involves developing new products to sell to your existing customers as well as to new ones because selling product to your existing customer is far less risky. Advantages and disadvantages of Intensive Growth Advantages Disadvantages The growth is gradual and it is easier to handle growth Aggressive competitors will overtake your company Profit of the firm can be reinvested for improving and expanding of product range As your company expands, it will get more complicated therefore some of the direct control will be delegate to other people Existing resources of the firm are fully utilized Economies of large scale operations are achieved Integrative Growth Strategies Integrative growth strategies is in which a company increases its sales and profits through acquiring one or more of its suppliers to gain more control and generates more profits. Horizontal growth This growth strategy of horizontal growth involve buying other business to add into the growth of your company. It also eliminates another barrier standing your way of your future growth. Backward Growth A backward integrative growth involves of buying your suppliers as a way to better control your supply chain. By doing so can help you to develop new product faster and cheaper. Forward Growth A forward growth strategy involves the acquisitions of component companies that are part of your distribution chain. Advantages and disadvantages of Integrative Growth Advantages Disadvantages Eliminates your competitions Wrong synergy Develop new product faster and cheaper. Helps companies to enter foreign market Dominate Market Conclusion-Which strategy is better? Considering that DATS PLC is going into a foreign market, I suggest that they should use Integrative Growth Strategies because by buying local companies can give the company a much needed jump start so that it can compete with the other local companies. In addition by growing through acquiring other company DATS PLC could be dominate the market. Bibliography There are no sources in the current 4 Phases of Business Cycle in Economics with Diagram.4 Phases of Business Cycle in Economics with Diagram. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Sept. 2014. 5 Big-Business Growth Strategies Small Business Can Use.OPEN Forum. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Sept. 2014. Advantages Disadvantages of Horizontal Integration.EHow. Demand Media, 18 May 2011. Web. 14 Sept. 2014. Advantages Disadvantages of Limited Growth Strategies.Small Business. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Sept. 2014. Advantages of Intensive Growth Strategy.Dvantages of Intensive Growth Strategy. N.p., n.d. Web. Budget 2014: Corporate Tax Rate Reduced to 24%.Tax Updates Budget News RSS. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Sept. 2014. Corruption in Indonesia and the 2014 Elections.Corruption in Indonesia and the 2014 Elections. N.p., n.d. Web. DAHL, DARREN. How to Develop a Business Growth Strategy.Inc.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Sept. 2014. Design and Marketing Dictionary.Integrative Growth. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Sept. 2014. Doing Business in Indonesia. New York: Price Waterhouse Center for Transnational Taxation, 1986. Web. Education Voters Pennsylvania.Danger of a Poor Education: Education and the Economy à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬  Issues à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ . N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Sept. 2014. The Effects of Corruption on Business.Small Business. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Sept. 2014. Gudang Ilmu Sains: POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION FOR INDONESIA.Gudang Ilmu Sains: POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION FOR INDONESIA. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Sept. 2014. How to Develop a Business Growth Strategy.Inc.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Sept. 2014. The Impact of Globalization on Indonesian Socio-Cultural Life*.The Impact of Globalization on Indonesian Socio-Cultural Life*. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Sept. 2014. Indonesia Corporate Tax Rate2006-2014 | Data | Chart | Calendar.Indonesia Corporate Tax Rate. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Sept. 2014. Indonesia Population 2014.- World Population Review. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Sept. 2014. Indonesian President-elect Seeks New Investments from Malaysia Business News | The Star Online.Indonesian President-elect Seeks New Investments from Malaysia Business News | The Star Online. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Sept. 2014. Indonesiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Education System Is One of the Worst in the World According to a Recent Report.Liquid Future RSS. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Sept. 2014. Kroef, Justus M. Van Der. Indonesias Political Prisoners.Pacific Affairs49.4 (1976): 625-47. Web. Labour Costs Countries List.Labour Costs Countries List. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Sept. 2014. Linda.The Wall Street Journal. Dow Jones Company, n.d. Web. 14 Sept. 2014. Market Development: Examples, Definition Process.Market Development: Examples, Definition Process. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Sept. 2014. PEST Analysis: Identifying.PEST Analysis. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Sept. 2014. PEST Analysis.PEST Analysis. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Sept. 2014. PESTEL Analysis of Indonesia.Scribd. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Sept. 2014. Reference for Business.Business Cycles. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Sept. 2014. SWOT Analysis vs PEST Analysis and When to Use Them.Creately Blog Diagramming Articles and Tips on How to Draw Diagrams. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Sept. 2014. What Is Globalization? Definition and Meaning.BusinessDictionary.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Sept. 2014. What Type of Government Does Indonesia Have?- Ask.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Sept. 2014.

Difference Between Aggregate Demand And The Price Level

Question (3) A) What is Aggregate Demand? Aggregate demand is the total amount that all consumers, businesses, government agencies, and foreigners spend on final goods and services. Aggregate demand is represented by the aggregate-demand curve, and it describes the relationship between price levels and the quantity of output that firms are willing to provide. Aggregate demand is not a fixed number because it depends on the price level. The relationship between aggregate demand and the price level normally is a negative relationship, which creates a downward-sloping aggregate demand curve. B) Develop a model showing the importance and effects of Aggregate Demand on the overall economy. The model is aggregate supply/ aggregate demand†¦show more content†¦It stimulates the aggregate demand and thereby increases overall economic activities and growth. Fiscal policy, as it will be explained below, could affect the whole economy through affecting the aggregate demand. For example, increasing government spending lead to increase the aggregate demand and thereby boost the entire economy (more details about this example and how the expansionary and contractionary fiscal policy could affect aggregate demand and thereby affect the overall economy are in the answers of sections d and e) C) What is Fiscal Policy? What are the goals of Fiscal Policy? What are the tools of Fiscal Policy? Fiscal policy is the government’s plan for spending and taxation (which in the United States is set by the Federal Reserve). Fiscal policy is helping to steer aggregate demand in the desired direction of the economy because the increasing or decreasing in spending and taxes levels influences the economy. Thus, the main goals of this policy are to help the government to manage inflation, employment and the flow of money through the economic system. There are two main tools of fiscal policy, taxes and spending. Taxes affect the economy by determining the total money that the government has to spend and how much money each person has to spend. Secondly, government spending as a tool for fiscal policy can be used to drive government money to certain sectors that need an economic boost. These sectors who receives those dollars

Combatting Against Terrorism Essay - 1591 Words

It is in human nature to harness aggression towards one another for the cause of strong sentiments of religion and passion. Most people from differing cultures have large disregard and disagreement for another person’s cultural practices, and of course this is no different with Terrorism. Although terrorism has dated back to the 1920’s as far as United States history goes, the 21st century has brought on a new age of terrorism comparable to the Red Scare of the 1950’s. The frequency of terroristic threats and attacks in the 21st century outnumber the terroristic threats and attacks of the eighty years prior to the beginning of the 21st century, exhibiting the unfortunate fact that terrorism is a trending crime. Essentially, Terrorism has†¦show more content†¦citizens fear and death in order to cause collateral damage. All-in-all, the crime of Terrorism usually has a political, religious, or ideological goal such as causing fear, damage, and death for m anipulation. The Boston Marathon Bombing is the most recent major terrorist attack, as it took place on April 15th, 2014. A tragedy that ended with the deaths of four U.S. citizens and more than 260 others, the Boston Marathon Bombings were high magnitude terrorist attacks. The Boston Marathon Bombings were caused by Dzhokhar Tsarnaev and his alleged companion (and brother) Tamerlan Tsarnaev, two Russian refugees whom immigrated to the United States around 2002. Although their motives are mainly unknown, it is often speculated that the brothers committed this crime in order to cause fear and chaos to retaliate for the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. The attacks mainly consisted of motives of payback towards the United States in return for the Muslim lives lost in the wars mentioned above. The conclusion to the Boston Marathon Bombings came on April 18th/ April 19th, 2013 in which 26 year old Tamerlan Tsarnaev was shot down in a gunfight with police (killing one police officer in the process), and 19 year old Dzhokhar Tsarnaev being injured in a gunfight and inevitably taken into custody were he remains today. In essence, the Boston Marathon Bombings were one of the largest terrorist attacks that United States citizens have experiencedShow MoreRelatedFreedom Isn t Free : Combating Terrorism1709 Words   |  7 PagesFreedom Isn’t Free: Combatting Terrorism Means Setting Aside Constitutional Liberties Derek Davis Liberty University CJUS 400 – B02 Johnny Sanders â€Æ' Freedom Isn’t Free: Combatting Terrorism Means Setting Aside Constitutional Liberties Throughout history, America has been confronted by opponents who wish to challenge its sovereignty. Over time, these challenges have been coined terrorism, and those that engage in terrorism have been known as terrorists. 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Racc Free Essays

Design and Development of Strategy Processes at RACC 1. What have been the goals of the strategic planning exercise at RACC over the years? What are the advantages and disadvantages of the RACC approach? Previously all the strategic planning exercises involved a wide management participation coupled with bottom-up approach. The aim was the development of a multi-product and multi-channel strategy. We will write a custom essay sample on Racc or any similar topic only for you Order Now In 2000-02 the emphasis of the strategic plan was focused on geographical expansion. Which were formed by participative process by including 21 senior managers from level 1 and 2 who carried out and external analysis, followed by an internal feasibility analysis. As a result, five corporate strategic priorities were identified, with expansion to the rest of Spain as the highest priority. In 2003-06 the focus of the strategic exercise was to tackle the issue of how to capitalize on the successful expansion. The middle level was given more importance in terms of participation. Significant changes in the market had occurred in 2005 and 2006 along with diversification of RACC’s core business had initiated a change in the approach to strategic planning process to bring the business back to its shape. From a broader participative approach, RACC started practicing a top-down approach. The goal went to being the development of a multi-product and multi-channel strategy while ensuring compatibility with the ongoing and revised strategy that had already begun to be implemented. The objective of the change was to increase the profitability and secure the survival of RACC in the insurance business keeping the multi-product and multi-channel strategy as the key strategy in order to increase cross-selling opportunities and to increase the sales revenue and market share. In 2005, unexpected stagnation of the insurance businesses proved difficult for RACC to function as a result the top management had to abandon the bottom-up approach in order to quickly react to the disturbance in the core business of RACC. 007-08, the senior management deemed it necessary to trigger an update of strategic planning exercise of RACC to incorporate the impact and needs of these ongoing projects and to identify additional initiatives. This was taken into consideration to establish overall strategic coherence and help revamp projects that would ensure future financial stability. The 2008-13 exercise was to be carried out by external consultants since they would have a more objective approach along with a team of 10 top managers. The exercise reinforced the concept of service to the car driver and established ambitious growth targets for RACC in the car insurance. With more emphasis on multi-product and multi-channel strategy to expand the services for car drivers and were designed with ambitious targets. Bottom-up approach/ broader participative approach * Advantages Commitment of the RACC people towards the strategy was formed which resulted in impressive growth in terms of profit, number of members and geographical growth within Spain. * Disadvantages This approach could not foresee the market. The symptoms of stagnation could not be detected which led to an negative impact. Top-down approach * Advantages The strategy allowed it to operate its different business in different ways whilst producing synergies between them. The strategy also provided better customer service and fostered cross-sales as it encouraged better relationships between the businesses. * Disadvantages The current cross-selling activities needed to be improved which proved as a significant challenge as it required updating the current customer information, analysis of competitors and market trends channel mix, geographical expansion, organizational restructuring, definition of commercial supervision redistribution systems and probably many other issues that could arise. . Should RACC go through a more conventional top down approach given that a participative approach did not seem to foresee the changes in the market? Given that the previous participative and bottom-up approach could not foresee the changes in the market, the top-down approach proved more beneficial since it was more sensible to work with external co nsultants because of their objective approach. The symptoms of stagnation were unpredicted and to react to such unforeseen circumstances it was required lay emphasis on the top level managers because of their exclusivity towards the strategy and the lack of time to resolve the occurrence. However, the broad participation approach had proved beneficial for a significant time as well, since it involved the organization participation as a whole, which encouraged implementation due to the involvement. But due to the urgency to take remedial action it would not be feasible to initiate bottom-up approach. . Having faced market changes and having updated the corporate level strategy, should RACC go back to broader participation for the multi-channel strategy? In terms of reacting proactively and effectively to a sudden crisis, it is best for the strategic planning decisions to be carried on by the top level along for a more professional, objective and realistic approach. Regarding the implementation of the strategy, the top level can se t directions and supervise the lower levels. However, to maintain a balance and motivate the lower levels a bottom-up approach can be considered once RACC obtains a more stable position. To facilitate multi-channel strategy the integration of broader participation can enhance cross-selling with the supervision of the top level managers. Core decisions should be in the authority of the higher levels. 4. Can a participative strategy making process increase the chances of future stable profits for RACC? Yes, as long as the core strategic decisions are under the authority of the CEO and top level. A broader participative approach can be initiated once again when RACC stabilizes itself in the market since this method had been adopted from prior times and had in fact double profits previously because of the commitment of RACC people towards the strategy. Although this can only be opted for enhancing multi-channel strategy, since RACC has diversified itself from a broker to having its own insurance products and services and it is difficult for the lower level to comprehend the wide array of multi-products being implemented. Concentration on cross-selling can prove more viable to sustain growth. How to cite Racc, Essay examples

Distributed Information System for Software- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theDistributed Information System for Software and Effective. Answer: A distributed system can be defined as the network, which comprises of the autonomous systems connected by utilizing any distributed middleware [6]. This type of systems is utilized to share the various resources as well as capabilities for providing its users with an integrated and single network. The most important characteristics of this distributed system mainly involve allowing sharing of resources like software and systems, effective, efficient, cost effective and could be utilized from anywhere [3]. The main objective of this distributed system is to provide transparency, reliability and openness to the network and thus making it extremely popular for the users. The following essay outlines a brief discussion on the concept of distributed information system with relevant details. The essay will highlight the details of middleware and scalability in distributed system. Moreover, the various approaches and methods for building this distributed system will be mentioned here. The difficulties will also be provided here. Middleware and its Role in Distributed System Middleware can be defined as the computer software, which gives services to the software applications that are not available in the operating system. Middleware is responsible for making the implementation of communication as well as input output extremely easy by the developers of software [1]. This helps in focusing on the particular motive for their application. It lies between the applications and the operating system on both the sides of the distributed computing network. Middleware plays an important role in the distributed system. It is the particular type of infrastructure that helps to facilitate the creation of all applications of business and thus providing major services such as transactions, messaging, concurrency, threading and the framework for service component architecture for the SOA applications [5]. The distributed nature of any application within the distributed system is hidden by this middleware. Moreover, the interconnected parts are kept running as well as operational within the distributed locations thus making these extremely simpler and easier in managing. Scalability and its Three Major Types Scalability can be defined as the sole capability of any network, system and process for handling the increasing amount of work or with the potential for accommodating the growth [8]. Scalability is an extremely important requirement that makes any system effective and efficient. Any system becomes scalable if it has the capability for increasing the total output. There are three major types of scalability in distributed systems. The descriptions of each type with examples are given below: i) Load Scalability: A system has load scalability when it comprises of the capability in functioning gracefully. It occurs only when there is no delay in the functions and no consumption of unproductive resources [2]. The load scalability can eventually schedule the shared resources and helps in inadequate parallelism exploitation. The example of this type of scalability refers to the system that has self expanding performance measure. ii) Space Scalability: A system has space scalability when its memory requirement does not develop to the intolerable level since the number of items is increasing [7]. The example of space scalability is the sparse matrix method or compression. Structural Scalability: A system has structural scalability when the implementation or standard does not impede the increment of object numbers [3]. The example of structural scalability is any system with finite address space. Various Approaches to build Distributed System There are various approaches and methods for building any distributed system. They are as follows: i) Message Oriented Middleware: This type of approach helps to structure the communication and thus the distributed system is built. The main benefit of this particular approach is that it helps to support for the asynchronous communication [1]. Hence, the sender transmits data to the receiver without waiting for any response. ii) Publish or Subscribe Middleware: This type of approach is for the synchronous communication. They are responsible for producing events on various topics, which are propagated with the system [5]. The publishers require describing the kind of events generated priori. Difficulties faced by Management There are various difficulties and technical issues that are being faced by the management in any distributed system. The most significant issues faced by them are given below: i) Inherent Complexities: The inherent complexities mainly arise from the domain challenges like elements of distributed system residing in different address spaces and protocols utilized for communications [1]. The various networks, which connect the components with the distributed systems, involve several problems like overload, transient failures and latency that eventually affects the efficiency of the system. ii) Accidental Complexities: This type of problem mainly arises from the limitations with the software tools or techniques like poor distributed debuggers and non portable APIs [4]. These types of problems are often deliberate by the developers, who like lower level languages or platforms like C based operating system. Inadequate Methods or Techniques: The various methods of software analysis and techniques for design cannot produce the best quality service or QoS [7]. This is extremely dangerous and thus the developers face problems due to the inadequate techniques. iv) Continuous Re-discovery of Techniques: The re-invention of the techniques are continuous and thus the problems are increased for the developers [6]. The real time operating systems often become difficult to manage and control hardware resources. Therefore, from the above discussion, it can be concluded that, any distributed system is the specific model, where the components are located on the networked computers or systems for communicating and coordinating the activities by simply passing messages. These components eventually interact amongst each other for achieving the similar goal. There are three important features of this distributed system and they are the lacking of a global clock, components concurrency and sole failure of components. These types of systems work and act as one single computer. The performance of these systems is much higher than the other distributed models. The above essay has outlined a detailed description on the concept of distributed system and how this system could be utilized by the users. The middleware and its role in distributed system are also provided here. Moreover, the scalability and the various approaches for building the system are mentioned here. The essay has also given the diffic ulties faced by management due to distributed system. References [1] Abadi, Martn, Ashish Agarwal, Paul Barham, Eugene Brevdo, Zhifeng Chen, Craig Citro, Greg S. Corrado et al. "Tensorflow: Large-scale machine learning on heterogeneous distributed systems."arXiv preprint arXiv:1603.04467(2016). [2] Chen, Tianqi, Mu Li, Yutian Li, Min Lin, Naiyan Wang, Minjie Wang, Tianjun Xiao, Bing Xu, Chiyuan Zhang, and Zheng Zhang. "Mxnet: A flexible and efficient machine learning library for heterogeneous distributed systems."arXiv preprint arXiv:1512.01274(2015). [3] Orgerie, Anne-Cecile, Marcos Dias de Assuncao, and Laurent Lefevre. "A survey on techniques for improving the energy efficiency of large-scale distributed systems."ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)46, no. 4 (2014): 47. [4] Valls, Marisol Garca, Iago Rodrguez Lpez, and Laura Fernndez Villar. "iLAND: An enhanced middleware for real-time reconfiguration of service oriented distributed real-time systems."IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics9, no. 1 (2013): 228-236. [5] Ports, Dan RK, Jialin Li, Vincent Liu, Naveen Kr Sharma, and Arvind Krishnamurthy. "Designing Distributed Systems Using Approximate Synchrony in Data Center Networks." InNSDI, pp. 43-57. 2015. [6] Enokido, Tomoya, and Makoto Takizawa. "An integrated power consumption model for distributed systems."IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics60, no. 2 (2013): 824-836. [7] Stubbs, Joe, Walter Moreira, and Rion Dooley. "Distributed systems of microservices using docker and serfnode." InScience Gateways (IWSG), 2015 7th International Workshop on, pp. 34-39. IEEE, 2015. [8] Ahmed, Waseem, and Yong Wei Wu. "A survey on reliability in distributed systems."Journal of Computer and System Sciences79, no. 8 (2013): 1243-1255.

Social Environmental Economic Performance -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Social Environmental Economic Performance? Answer: Introduction The term sustainable development conveys different meanings to different people. But the central theme is apprehensive to fulfill the needs of the people in the present so that the future generation can meet their own needs and wants. That is the reason why sustainable development takes into consideration a broad view of the social, economics and environmental results (Bebbington, Unerman O'Dwyer, 2014). Moreover a future perspective is also concerned with the rights and interests of the upcoming generations as well as of the present. Sustainable development or sustainability also uses an inclusive approach to action which identifies the desires of the people in all those decisions that affect their lives in any way (Benn, Dunphy Griffiths, 2014). This particular essay will consider the role of sustainability in marketing and management in the present and the ways of improvement in the future. Specific articles will be used in order to highlight the important points by aligning wit h the aim of this essay. Discussion The primary aim of this essay is to find out about the role played by sustainability in marketing and management field. Sustainability in the specific field uses the concept of environment, economy and the needs of the present and future generations (Childers et al., 2015). These three streams are used to make living easy amidst limited resources and maintaining economic feasibility. By adhering to this aim of the essay the quality of life on the planet will be maintained successfully. With the reading of the article Social innovation and social entrepreneurship: A systematic review from the Journal of Asia Entrepreneurship and Sustainability it can be stated that the initiatives taken on behalf of sustainability in the field of management and marketing goes a long way beyond the fulfillment of the instant needs of the stakeholders for the profitable organization in order to boost up the performance (Phillips et al., 2015). A review of this article had shed light on the fact that the business cases for sustainable development and the concept of going green goes hand- in- hand yet there are a lot of arguments. The five key points that can be highlighted from this journal article are- 1. There is a contemporary trend of shifting towards sustainable management in the business environment; 2. Although the idea of sustainability plays a convincing role but the managers have faced challenge in implementing it. 3. There are critical objectives of climate change and biodiv ersity; 4. Working condition and health of the underprivileged population is considered in terms of sustainability; 5. The marketing managers faced trouble in translating the theoretical concepts into feasible business propositions (Clayton Radcliffe, 2015). As per the aim of the essay Crane and Matten (2016) mentioned that sustainability is not only considered as the responsibility of the environmentalists or the managers of the organization or the communication specialists but people from all over the organization should make their required contribution towards sustainability. The article focuses on the issue of sustainable development with which most of the marketers are acquainted. In order to describe the five key points from the journal it can be stated that most of the business organizations are shifting their focus on sustainable practices because the satisfaction of human needs and wants are considered as the major objective of development. However Epstein and Buhovac (2014) had countered that the second point of challenges in sustainability contradicts the fact by mentioning that the managers are not always successful in implementing the practice among the employees. Again the theme of biodiversity which is related to a well- functioning ecosystem gives general solutions to build flexibility by helping the society to fight climate change. This is interrelated to the thought that sustainability is dependent on the present needs of the working class and underprivileged section of the society. That is the reason why the marketing managers failed in certain situations to implement the process in practice. In the book the integration of social, environmental and economic performance the authors Schaltegger and Wagner (2017) have stated that sustainability in the business case covers up the entire area of questions that refer to the voluntary environmental and social activities for the success of the company. It can be contradicted in another way that how can the business be improved for the sake of competitiveness and financial performance. If there is any measure taken to manage and market with the help of sustainable development it should have a positive outcome on the success of the organization. It can be achieved by looking out for the sustainability and economic performance along with competitiveness (Jia et al., 2015). Recently the relation between sustainability performance and competiveness has gained momentum in the business environment. The author has also focused on the fact that managers who excel in systematically analyzing the economic or financial challenges of the company can be enhanced by means of environmental or social activities. This is a striking fact that the capability to manage the non- marketing challenges can be complex and might hamper the existence of the company (Mowforth Munt, 2015). However a better understanding of the connection between sustainability performance, financial success and competitiveness in the business clearly aims towards the role of sustainability in the field of marketing and management. Thus the corporate sustainability and the long discussed term sustainability performance can be explained well by the combination of social, economic and environmental performance measures. The non- market activities as well as the performance when integrated with the main business activities and other external factors put an impact on the competitiveness of the company (Waas et al., 2014) . But it would be wrong to think that the non- marketing performance do not have direct impact on the financial success of the company. This is because competitiveness provides a description of the comparative market position and the skill of the organization to fulfill the desires of the customers in a much better and improved way than the competitors. This is the prime motivator behind the financial success of the company which has the ability to produce an outstanding performance when influenced on a positive note (Jia et al., 2015). Below is the summary given in a pictorial form to better interpretation of the sustainability performance. Sustainability in marketing and management deals with both the management and analysis part of the impact posed on the social and environmental activities on the overall success of the company as well as on the business effects on the business activities. There are a number of studies that have been based on this relationship between economic and social performance but there are not many researches done which closely scrutinizes the points mentioned in the above figure (Waas et al., 2014). Further this report will summarize the key points that have been missed in the articles and the ways of improvement in sustainability. Conclusion The journal article had focused on the five key elements that have been mentioned in the beginning of this report but it did not explain the ways by which sustainability can be practiced in the field of marketing and management. It went on mentioning about the non-market managers but there was hardly any description of the marketing managers. This can be considered as a drawback on the part of the researcher and a limitation of this article. For future studies on this topic the researcher needs to take care of this point and be specific in the studies which will be conducted. Moreover the target market was not directly hit by this research and it failed to make any impact on the market. As sustainability is a trending factor in the competitive market therefore the research should have been aimed at the youth as they are the torch bearer of the future days. When the youth will be targeted with the benefits of sustainability then they will be able to embed the seed both in the present and in the future generation because the theory of sustainability is aimed at the preservation of resources for the future by fulfilling the needs o the present. For future studies on the role of sustainability in marketing and management the researcher can use the instance of the luxury automaker BMW which was nominated as the most sustainable company of the year 2016. They were able to earn this fame by using efficient amount of water, energy and releasing minimum waste material. In addition to that they have also responded positively to tax payment, innovation investments, less employee turnover and less pay difference among the management and the employees. Thus it is clear from this instance that a management or marketing company can be considered as sustainable when they will make the most effective use of their capital by improving the employee performance and proper use of natural resources. There are other instances too that have managed to achieve top ranking in terms of sustainable practices such as Outotec, a Finland based construction and engineering company; Adidas; Commonwealth bank of Australia; Reckitt Benkiser, a UK based household products company and others. References Bebbington, J., Unerman, J., O'Dwyer, B. (Eds.). (2014).Sustainability accounting and accountability. Routledge. Benn, S., Dunphy, D., Griffiths, A. (2014).Organizational change for corporate sustainability. Routledge. Childers, D. L., Cadenasso, M. L., Grove, J. M., Marshall, V., McGrath, B., Pickett, S. T. (2015). An ecology for cities: A transformational nexus of design and ecology to advance climate change resilience and urban sustainability.Sustainability,7(4), 3774-3791. Clayton, T., Radcliffe, N. (2015).Sustainability: a systems approach. Routledge. Crane, A., Matten, D. (2016). Business ethics: Managing corporate citizenship and sustainability in the age of globalization. Oxford University Press. Epstein, M. J., Buhovac, A. R. (2014).Making sustainability work: Best practices in managing and measuring corporate social, environmental, and economic impacts. Berrett-Koehler Publishers. Jia, P., Govindan, K., Choi, T. M., Rajendran, S. (2015). Supplier selection problems in fashion business operations with sustainability considerations.Sustainability,7(2), 1603-1619. Mowforth, M., Munt, I. (2015).Tourism and sustainability: Development, globalisation and new tourism in the third world. Routledge. Phillips, W., Lee, H., Ghobadian, A., ORegan, N., James, P. (2015). Social innovation and social entrepreneurship: A systematic review.Group Organization Management,40(3), 428-461. Schaltegger, S., Wagner, M. (Eds.). (2017).Managing the business case for sustainability: The integration of social, environmental and economic performance. Routledge. Waas, T., Hug, J., Block, T., Wright, T., Benitez-Capistros, F., Verbruggen, A. (2014). Sustainability assessment and indicators: Tools in a decision-making strategy for sustainable development.Sustainability,6(9), 5512-5534. Wood, R., Stadler, K., Bulavskaya, T., Lutter, S., Giljum, S., de Koning, A., ... Simas, M. (2014). Global sustainability accountingDeveloping EXIOBASE for multi-regional footprint analysis.Sustainability,7(1), 138-163.